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A three-point field goal (also called a three-pointer) is a field goal in a basketball game made from beyond the three-point line, a designated arc surrounding the basket. A successful attempt is worth three points, in contrast to the two points awarded for shots made within the three-point line. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the 3-point line is 22 ft. (approximately 6.706 m) away from the basket in the corners of the court. This distance naturally increases along a 14 ft. (approx. 4.267 m) straight line that is 3 ft. (approx. 0.914 m) away from the sidelines. At the 14 ft. mark, the 3-point line becomes an arc 23 ft. 9 in. (approx. 7.239 m) away from the basket and remains so until the arc reaches the straight line on the other side of the court 14 ft. from the baseline. In international FIBA & WNBA play, the three-point line is 22 ft. 1.75 in. (6.75 m) away from the basket on the arc and 21 ft. 8 in (6.6 m) at its corners. In both men's and women's National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) basketball, the three-point line is an arc 20 ft. 9 in. (approx. 6.325 m) away from the basket that, unlike professional leagues, does not change as it gets closer to the sidelines. ==History== The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule did in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 meters) from the baskets, except along the sides.〔(Frazier, Walt & Sachare, Alex. ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Basketball''. New York City: Penguin Group (USA), 1998. )〕 The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season. The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association after its introduction in the 1967–68 season. Then commissioner of the ABA George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans." During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the 1979–80 season, the NBA adopted the three-point line despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.〔http://www.ihoops.com/classroom/history-of-basketball/The-History-of-the-3-Pointer.htm〕 Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets also made one on the same day. The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at a distance of . The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a line for the 1980–81 season.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Southern Conference )〕 Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina University was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.〔 Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer.〔http://www.uamont.edu/Organizations/TheVoice/4_20/comm2.htm〕 Used in conference play, it was adopted by the NCAA for the 1986–87 season at 19 ft. 9 in., and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in 1987. In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's three point distance to 20 feet 9 inches, with the rule coming into effect at the beginning of the 2008–09 season. American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft. 9 in. line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA. During the 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996-97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 feet, 9 inches (22 feet at the corners) to a uniform 22 feet (6.7 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 feet, 9 inches (22 feet at the corners). Ray Allen set an NBA record with 269 made three-pointers in the 2005–06 season. Stephen Curry then broke Allen's record during the 2012-13 season with 272 three-pointers, and again during the 2014-2015 season with 286 three-pointers. In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.69 in) to 6.75 m (), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that they would be using FIBA's distance, too, as of the 2013 season. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Three-point field goal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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